Lorraine
The **numismatic history of Lorraine** spans several centuries, marked by its role in the **Carolingian Empire** and its later division into the duchies of **Upper Lorraine** and **Lower Lorraine**. This division significantly influenced coinage, as various rulers minted their own coins.
During the **Frankish period**, coins like the **denar** were minted, often without depicting the ruler. Later, under **Charlemagne's rule**, the minting system was centralized, and coinage became standardized.
In the 16th century, Lorraine was a key battleground in the conflict between **France** and the **Holy Roman Empire**. Rulers such as **René II.** (1473-1508) and **Charles III.** (1545-1608) minted coins, including the **florin d'or** and the **écu**. These coins often featured the ruler's coat of arms or name.
Types and motifs of coins:
- Nominal values: Florin, Écu, Taler
- Materials: Gold, Silver
- Motifs: Ruler portraits, coats of arms, religious symbols
