Kingdom of the Netherlands
The Kingdom of the Netherlands has a rich history of coinage, spanning from the establishment of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814 to the present day. During the Napoleonic era, the monetary system was reformed by Lodewijk Napoleon, who placed his portrait on coins. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, William I became the first king of the Netherlands. His coins were marked by a new monetary system and centralized minting.
Gold coins, such as the ducat, were particularly significant. In the 20th century, queens like Wilhelmina (1890–1948) and Beatrix (1980–2013) had their portraits minted on coins. Following the introduction of the euro in 2002, the coinage system changed again.
Nominal Values, Materials, and Motifs:
- Nominal Values: 1 cent to 2 euros
- Materials: Copper alloys, nickel-brass
- Motifs: Portraits of monarchs, national symbols
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